The chemistry of how things stick, what stains are, and how to remove them
The phenomenon of 'sticking' involves multiple scientific mechanisms. Different adhesive types and substrates utilize different primary mechanisms.
Adhesive penetrates microscopic surface irregularities and locks in place after curing. This is why roughening surfaces improves adhesion.
Monomer molecules polymerize and form bridge structures (cross-links) between molecules. Epoxy resin curing is a classic example. Creates strong 3D network bonds.
Functional groups of the adhesive and substrate chemically bond together. Bond strength varies by type: hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, etc.
-OH···O=C- / -NH···O=C-Si-O-Si (Silane coupling)Intermolecular force (weak)